Cuaderno de trabajo para los talleres de la asignatura Alimentación, Nutrición y Dietética

Con este manual se pretense que el alumno ponga en práctica los contenidos teóricos impartidos en la asignatura y sea capaz de realizar una intervención avanzada sobre alimentación saludable. Para ello, utilizaremos como base la guía publicada por la Junta de Andalucía titulada Recomendaciones sobre hábitos saludables en atención primaria

Assessment of health literacy among migrant populations in Southern Spain: A cross-sectional study

Aim: The aim of this study was to measure of health literacy in the migrant population and establish a type of immigrant profile with a higher risk of presenting low levels of health literacy. Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study. Methods: Health literacy was measured in a total of 278 immigrants using HLSEU-Q16. An inferential descriptive and multiple regression analysis was carried out. Results: 65.1% having inadequate and problematic health literacy. Significant correlations were found between health literacy and length of stay in Spain (r = .398), age (r = .178p) and perceived social status (r = .151). Participants with shorter length of stay (β = .405 1), without health sciences education (β = .205) and low education level (β = .182) had limited health literacy.11 página

Health Literacy, Misinformation, Self-Perceived Risk and Fear, and Preventive Measures Related to COVID-19 in Spanish University Students

The "infodemic" is one of the main obstacles in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to face it, health literacy (HL) is essential since it allows for knowledge about COVID-19 and the practice of preventive measures to be fostered. This is especially relevant in university students due to their idiosyncrasy. This study aims to evaluate the level of HL related to COVID-19 (HLC), risk perception, misinformation, and the attitudes and behaviors adopted to prevent the spread of coronavirus in Spanish university students. An online questionnaire was administered to 499 Spanish university students. The HLC index presented a mean of 33.89 out of 50; a total of 63.8% had an inadequate level of HLC. They practiced a mean of 7.54 out of 9 preventive behaviors, and the mean knowledge score was 10.40 out of 13. The HLC showed significantly different scores for the degree, the practice of preventive measures, and some sources of information. The level of HL correlates with the adoption of preventive measures. The higher the severity and perceived susceptibility, the more preventive measures are taken by the students. Therefore, there is a need to strengthen the HL skills of university students and address the dissemination of misinformation. Although caution should be taken when generalizing these results due to the limitations inherent within a cross-sectional study and the convenience sampling, our results can guide the establishment of health education strategies and policies for the management of the infodemic in pandemic situations, according to this target population

Psychometric Assessment of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q16) for Arabic/French-Speaking Migrants in Southern Europe

Improving health literacy (HL) is critical for addressing health inequalities. Low literacy rates are believed to be more prevalent in ethnic minorities, which may have an impact on people's health. For measures to be implemented in this regard, HL must be evaluated to obtain specific indicators. Our aim, therefore, was to develop a version of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q16), which is recommended to be used with vulnerable populations, suited to Arabic/French-speaking migrants who reside in south-eastern Spain, and to explore its psychometric properties for assessing health literacy in this population. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in a convenient sample of 205 migrants. The structural validity was calculated by a confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA), which suggested appropriate adjustment indicators, and which indicated that the three-dimensional model is adequately adjusted to the data obtained in the study. The coefficient omega showed high internal consistency in the three HL dimensions (health care, disease prevention, and health promotion). Concurrent validity presented a significant correlation with the Newest Vital Sign test (r = 0.390; p < 0.001). The multigroup CFA showed that the heterogeneity of the sample used was not a problem for establishing the structural validity of the scale. The Arabic/French version showed good construct validity

Self-management in heart failure using mHealth: A content validation.

AIM: To describe the development of a mobile health application -mICardiApp- designed by a multidisciplinary professional team and patients with heart failure and to evaluate its content validity. METHODS: Critical reviews of the literature, semi-structured interviews with patients, and user stories guided the development of the content of the mobile application. These contents were refined and validated through a modified Delphi process. An expert panel of healthcare and social care professionals together with patients and academics evaluated the content through two content validity indicators, relevance, and adequacy, and provided narrative feedback. The content validity of the app and each screen was determined by calculating the Content Validity Index (CVI). Similarly, the Adequacy Index (AI) was analyzed. RESULTS: The developed app is composed by 8 topics: (1) available resources, (2) cardiac rehabilitation, (3) control of signs and symptoms, (4) emotional support, (5) learning and having fun, (6) medication, (7) nutrition, and (8) physical activity. The results demonstrated high CVI of the screens and the full app. 57 of the 59 screens in the app reached an excellent CVI≥0.70 for both relevance and adequacy, except for 2 screens. The CVI Average Method of the app was 0.851. CONCLUSIONS: mICardiApp is presented as an application to improve health literacy and self-management of patients with multimorbidity and heart failure, with proven validation

Needs of patients with multi-morbidity and heart failure for the development of a mHealth to improve their self-management: A qualitative analysis

Objective: To provide practical information regarding needs, preferences of content and format of an app to assist the self-management in patients with multi-morbidity and heart failure (HF). Methods: The three-phase study was conducted in Spain. Six integrative reviews, a qualitative methodology based on Van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenology through semi-structured interviews and user stories were used. Data collection continued until data saturation was reached. All data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a framework approach. Thematic analysis technique following the methods of Braun and Clarke was used for emerging themes. Results: Integrative reviews conducted included practical recommendations to include in the content and format of the App and helped create the interview guide. Interviews revealed 15 subthemes that captured the meaning of narratives offering contextual insights into the development of the App. The main effective mechanisms of multicomponent interventions for patients with HF must contain (a) components that increase the patient's understanding of HF, (b) self-care, (c) self-efficacy and participation of the family/informal caregiver, (4) psychosocial well-being and (5) professional support and use of technology. User stories revealed that patients prioritized improvements in direct contact with health services in case of emergency (90%), nutritional information (70%), type of exercises in order to improve their physical condition (75%) and information about food and drug interaction (60%). The importance of motivation messages (60%) was highlighted by transversal way. Conclusions: The three-phase process integrating theoretical basis, evidence from integrative reviews and research findings from target users has been considered a guide for future app development17 página

Adaptación y validación de la encuesta europea de alfabetización en salud "HLS-EU" (European Health Literacy Survey) en población inmigrante

La mejora de la Alfabetización en Salud es crítica para afrontar las desigualdades en salud. La baja alfabetización se cree más prevalente en las minorías étnicas lo que puede repercutir en el estado de salud general; el nivel y calidad de los autocuidados que ejercen; el nivel de comprensión y seguimiento de las recomendaciones de salud y la participación en programas de Prevención y Promoción de la Salud. Dada la importancia de la Alfabetización en Salud en el estado de salud de los inmigrantes, para orientar y evaluar intervenciones de Educación Sanitaria y obtener indicadores que permitan generar actuaciones específicas, en función de datos científicos, es necesaria su evaluación. La versión reducida de la encuesta europea HLS-EU-Q16, ha sido recomendada por el grupo europeo, especialmente, para poblaciones vulnerables y, concretamente, para la evaluación de competencias en el colectivo migrante. Objetivo Por todo ello, nos hemos planteado adaptar y validar la encuesta europea de Alfabetización en Salud “HLS-EU-Q16” (EUROPEAN HEALTH LITERACY SURVEY) en población inmigrante, con el fin de evaluar las habilidades cognitivas y sociales que determinan las motivaciones, conocimientos y competencias para acceder, entender, evaluar y aplicar la información sobre la salud en la toma de decisiones sobre la atención y cuidado sanitario, la prevención de enfermedades y la promoción de la salud para mantener y mejorar la calidad de vida de esta población. Metodología Diseño de validación de encuesta, que consta de 3 fases: - Fase 1: adaptación transcultural de la encuesta HLS-EU-Q16 y demanda de “debriefing” a la población destinataria. - Fase 2: evaluación de las propiedades psicométricas de la encuesta. Se calculó la consistencia interna y la validez de constructo (validez factorial, validez de grupos conocidos y convergente). - Fase 3: análisis descriptivo e inferencial de los datos obtenidos. Resultados El coeficiente alfa de Cronbach para la escala completa fue 0,878. La validez convergente dió un nivel de correlación significativa con respecto al NVS de r=0,390 para una p=0,000. Los resultados del Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio realizado indicaron unos índices de ajuste adecuados χ² = 177,983, gl = 101, p<0,000; CFI = 0,942; TLI = 0,931; RMSEA = 0,061 (90%CI = 0,046-0,076). Los resultados obtenidos sobre el nivel de Alfabetización en Salud de nuestra muestra (n=205), indican que tan solo el 32,2% tiene un adecuado nivel de AS, teniendo el 67,8% una Alfabetización en Salud entre limitada y problemática. Las puntaciones más bajas se corresponde con los participantes de África Subsahariana (=6,67; DT=4,57) existiendo correlación significativa entre la nacionalidad y el nivel de AS (χ²=44,24; gl=3; p=0,000). El índice relacionado con la prevención de enfermedades fue el que obtuvo peores resultados (=2,72; DT=1,69). Se halló correlación significativa entre el nivel de AS y el tiempo de estancia en España (r=0,0353; p=0,000) y entre los ingresos mensuales y el resultado de AS (χ²=18,64; gl=4; p=0,001). Conclusiones La adaptación transcultural de la Encuesta Europea de Alfabetización en Salud HLS-EU-Q16, mostró evidencias de fiabilidad y validez en base a los datos obtenidos en este estudio para evaluar la Alfabetización en Salud en la población inmigrante. El perfil de más riesgo de presentar niveles problemáticos de AS se relaciona con los grupos más vulnerables, inmigrantes más jóvenes, con dificultades económicas, sin formación sanitaria y con poco tiempo de estancia en nuestro país

Assessment of health literacy among migrant populations in Southern Spain: A cross‐sectional study

Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to measure of health literacy in the migrant population and establish a type of immigrant profile with a higher risk of presenting low levels of health literacy. Design A cross‐sectional descriptive study. Methods Health literacy was measured in a total of 278 immigrants using HLS‐EU‐Q16. An inferential descriptive and multiple regression analysis was carried out. Results 65.1% having inadequate and problematic health literacy. Significant correlations were found between health literacy and length of stay in Spain (r = .398), age (r = .178p) and perceived social status (r = .151). Participants with shorter length of stay (β = .405 1), without health sciences education (β = .205) and low education level (β = .182) had limited health literacy

Content and Clinical Validation of the Nursing Outcome “Health Literacy Behaviour”: A Validation Protocol

Health literacy (HL) is a result of health promotion and education that has been included as a nursing intervention since 2013. It was proposed, as a nursing activity, to “determine health literacy status at initiation of contact with the patient through informal and/or formal assessments”. Because of that, the outcome ‘Health Literacy Behaviour’ has been incorporated in the sixth edition of the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC). It collects the patient’s different HL levels and allows them to be identified and evaluated in a social and health context. Nursing outcomes are helpful and provide relevant information for the evaluation of nursing interventions. Objectives: To validate the contents of the nursing outcome ‘Health Literacy Behaviour (2015)’ in order to use them in nursing care plans, and to evaluate their psychometric properties, application level, and effectiveness in nursing care to detect low health literacy patients. Methods: a methodological two-phased study: (1) an exploratory study and content validation by expert consensus, who will evaluate revised content of nursing outcomes; (2) methodological design by clinical validation. Conclusion: The validation of this nursing outcome in NOC will enable the generation of a helpful tool that would facilitate nurses to set individualised and efficient care interventions and identify low health literacy populations

Health Literacy, Misinformation, Self-Perceived Risk and Fear, and Preventive Measures Related to COVID-19 in Spanish University Students.

The "infodemic" is one of the main obstacles in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to face it, health literacy (HL) is essential since it allows for knowledge about COVID-19 and the practice of preventive measures to be fostered. This is especially relevant in university students due to their idiosyncrasy. This study aims to evaluate the level of HL related to COVID-19 (HLC), risk perception, misinformation, and the attitudes and behaviors adopted to prevent the spread of coronavirus in Spanish university students. An online questionnaire was administered to 499 Spanish university students. The HLC index presented a mean of 33.89 out of 50; a total of 63.8% had an inadequate level of HLC. They practiced a mean of 7.54 out of 9 preventive behaviors, and the mean knowledge score was 10.40 out of 13. The HLC showed significantly different scores for the degree, the practice of preventive measures, and some sources of information. The level of HL correlates with the adoption of preventive measures. The higher the severity and perceived susceptibility, the more preventive measures are taken by the students. Therefore, there is a need to strengthen the HL skills of university students and address the dissemination of misinformation. Although caution should be taken when generalizing these results due to the limitations inherent within a cross-sectional study and the convenience sampling, our results can guide the establishment of health education strategies and policies for the management of the infodemic in pandemic situations, according to this target population